Software Scientist

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✅ Intro line (must write first!)

Capsules are solid dosage forms made of gelatin shells. Based on shell type, they are classified into hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules, which differ in several aspects.

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✅ Differences (line by line)

1️⃣ Hard gelatin capsules are two-piece capsules, consisting of a body and a cap.
2️⃣ Soft gelatin capsules are single-piece capsules, made as a continuous shell.
3️⃣ Hard gelatin capsules are usually filled with dry powders, pellets, or granules.
4️⃣ Soft gelatin capsules are filled with liquids, semisolids, or oily substances.
5️⃣ Hard gelatin capsules contain about 12–16% moisture.
6️⃣ Soft gelatin capsules contain higher moisture content, around 20–30%.
7️⃣ Hard gelatin capsules are generally cylindrical and elongated in shape.
8️⃣ Soft gelatin capsules are often spherical, oval, or oblong.
9️⃣ Hard gelatin capsules require manual or machine filling of the body before sealing with cap.
🔟 Soft gelatin capsules are formed, filled, and sealed in one single operation (one-step process).
1️⃣1️⃣ Hard gelatin capsules are mostly used for oral solid formulations.
1️⃣2️⃣ Soft gelatin capsules are used for oral liquids, topical, ophthalmic, or rectal applications.

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💡 Mini mnemonic to remember key points

👉 “Two Dry Low Cylinders Need Filling; One Liquid High Ovals Are Sealed”

• Two — Two-piece (hard)
• Dry — Dry powders (hard)
• Low — Lower moisture (hard)
• Cylinders — Cylindrical shape (hard)
• Need Filling — Require filling before sealing (hard)
• One — One-piece (soft)
• Liquid — Liquid fills (soft)
• High — Higher moisture (soft)
• Ovals — Oval shape (soft)
• Are Sealed — Formed & sealed together (soft)

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⭐ How to memorize

1️⃣ Read differences aloud twice.
2️⃣ Repeat mnemonic “Two Dry Low Cylinders Need Filling; One Liquid High Ovals Are Sealed” 5 times.
3️⃣ Visualize hard capsule as a tube with a cap, soft capsule as a jelly bubble.
4️⃣ Write mnemonic on rough sheet before starting in exam.

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💥 Full starting line for exam

“Capsules can be divided into hard and soft gelatin types. Their main differences are as follows:”